The naturally fortified hill of the Acropolis of Athens has been inhabited since the Neolithic era, while in the 13th c. BC, during the Mycenaean period, it was walled and became the seat of the local ruler.
In the 6th century BC, as the most important sanctuary of the city dedicated primarily to the patron goddess Athena, the Acropolis acquired the first monumental temples and other buildings, while the faithful commissioned a number of dedications, such as marble statues of daughters, horsemen, as well as numerous clay and metal vessels and figurines. The re-establishment of buildings and dedications continued until the Roman period.
The buildings that dominate the Sacred Rock today, the monumental Propylaia, the Parthenon, the Erechtheion and the temple of Athena Nike were erected in the 5th century. B.C. at the initiative of Pericles, the inspired political leader who made Athens a hegemonic power among the Greek city-states. The monuments of Pericles’ building program are the perfect adaptation of architectural types to the natural environment and symbolize the height of the political, economic and artistic prosperity of the Athenian Republic. The history of the Acropolis of Athens is not limited to antiquity, but it has existed for many centuries and its monuments underwent many modifications with the prevalence of Christianity, during the Frankish and Turkish periods.
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